Top Lumber Countries

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published the following statistics for round lumber production in 2003. During that year, total world production was 118 trillion cubic feet (3.34 trillion cubic meters). The following 10 countries account for 60% of world timber production.

1. United States … 15.82 trillion cubic feet (13.5% of total world production)
2. India … 11.33 trillion cubic feet (9.6%)
3. China … 10.1 trillion cubic feet (8.6%)
4. Brazil … 8.42 trillion cubic feet (7.1%)
5. Canada … 6.88 trillion cubic feet (5.8%)
6. Russia … 5.95 trillion cubic feet (5%)
7. Indonesia … 3.96 trillion cubic feet (3.4%)
8. Ethiopia … 3.32 trillion cubic feet (2.8%)
9. Democratic Republic of Congo … 2.55 trillion cubic feet (2.2%)
10. Nigeria … 2.47 trillion cubic feet (2.1%).

Carpentry Tips...

1. Measure Twice And Cut Once

When a carpenter or handyman is about to cut material for their project, cuts and measurements will come out more accuratly if this tip is followed through correctly. .

2.Swing With Wrist Grasshopper

3.Get To The Point

Keep your pencils sharp.The finer your point the more accurate the cut will be

TOOL TIP......

"It's Better to be over prepared than under prepared"

When working on a carpentry job, bring the right tools to the right job. Also bring more than what you need. Because chances are if you do not than you may not complete the project in a timely manor. One of the secrets on being a great carpenter is being prepared for anything.

Here is the tip; create a checklist so you will always be prepared. Instead of wondering what tool is missing or do everything you need, all you have to do is put a check on the check list and you are done. Its just that simple and that one small step makes a world of difference for you. It eliminates all your doubts and worrying.

Column Design

Eccentric Axial Load

In the case of an ideal column under an axial load, the column remains straight until the critical load is reached. However, the load is not always applied at the centroid of the cross section, as is assumed in Euler buckling theory. This section analyzes a simply-supported column under an eccentric axial load. Consider a column of length L subject to an axial force F. On one end of the column, the force Fe from the central column axis, as shown in the schematic below.

Urban Design column in San Francisco Chronicle...

Interior Design....

CONCRETE
-artificial stone composed of cement,sand, gravel, water and in earth.


Blocks of concrete



Types of Concrete
1. plain

2. Reinforce

Cement and sand ready to be mixed.



Types of Concrete
1. Slum test

2. Compression Test


Installing rebar in a floor slab during a concrete pour


Materials for Concrete
1. Cement- is an hydrolic cement

Types of Cement
-premium-1st class.3-7 days setting

-pozzoland- 2nd class .7-20 days setting

-aggregates-universal term for sand and gravel


2.Water- it should not be contaminated
3. Forms- without the form, the concrete will be reshape
4.tie wire- # 16



A concrete slab pounded while curing.


Types of Concrete and their Weight
1. Light Weight
classified into 3 types
a. low density concrete=50
b. moderate strength concrete-360-960kg
c. structural concrete- the same characteristics of medium stone

2. Medium Stone- 1440-1920kg
3. Heavy Weight- shielding from radiation

Concrete columns curing while wrapped in plastic.

WOOD FLOOR SYSTEM

Parts of the Floor System

1. Gerder-is the horizontal structure that carries the load of the flooring.



2.Floor Joist- 30-4-cm.distance passing girder. It carries the floor member,support the floor board.


3.Joist Bridging- useful in the floor joist.




4.Sill or Wood Plate- the side part of the house that rest horizontally upon the foundation.


5.Header- is a short transverse joist that supports the end of the cut-off joist at a stair well hole.


6.Trimmer- is a supporting joist which carries an end of a header.



7.Tail Beam- holds the column from one to another.


8.Tongue and Groove Flooring- the most common of wood flooring materials.



Types Of the Floor System

1.Plank Type
2.Panel type

3.Conventional

JOINERY
-term to used to union of two or more smooth or even surfaces admitting two or more price to timber.
-an art of joint making. Advance branch of carpentry that requires skills. Work of precision making in accurate layout.

5 Families of Wood Joints
1.Butt Joint-Butt Joints are the most basic method for connecting two pieces of wood, and while it isn't the strongest of joints, it is very useful in some situations.



2.Lap Joint-describes a technique for joining two pieces of material by overlapping them. A lap may be a full lap or half lap.


3.Miter Joint-is a joint made by bevilling each of two parts to be joined.



4.Mortise and Tenon- used for thousands of years by woodworkers around the world to join pieces of wood,usually when the pieces are at an angle close to 90°.



5. Scarf-ex.z-type scarp and plane type.It is a method of joining two members end to end woodworking or metalworking.

images.google.com.ph

Carpenter

Pronunciation Kar' pen tar

Related names Zimmermann, Zimmerman, Carpentier, Charpentier

CARPENTER is a surname. Its use as a forename or middle name is rare. Within the United States, it is ranked as the 189th-most common surname.

: Carpenter - Car-pen-ter (kar' pen tar (or ter)), noun. 1) a person who builds, makes or repairs wooden objects or structures - as in houses, scaffolds, or shelving. - v. make by shapING to do a carpenter's work.

Origin: [1275-1325]; Middle English < Anglo-Norman French < Old French < Late Latin; carpentarius artifex or wainwright, equivalent to Latin carpent(um) two wheeled carriage Cel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenter_(surname)